What Is the Evidence on Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Improving Access to Water, Sanitation, and Electricity Services in Low-Income or Informal Settlements?

This systematic review examines the evidence on the effectiveness of different urban-planning approaches in providing access to water, sanitation and electricity services in low-income or informal settlements in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The study was funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the UK government and conducted by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras.